Poultry have a social hierarchy and when crowds are too close together, dominant birds will fight more often to obtain or sustain dominance which can increase risk of cannibalism. High intensity light with prolonged exposure can lead to cannibalism of poultry in captivity due to the increase of stress and overheating that causes discomfort. Some of these factors are outlined below: Due to this, there are many factors that can cause cannibalism. Poultry in captivity is where most cannibalistic behaviours are observed. In the close confines of modern farming systems, the increased pecking attention is easily observed by multiple birds which join in the attack, and often the escape attempts of the cannibalised bird attract more pecking attention. ![]() Feather pecking is often the initial cause of an injury which then attracts the cannibalistic pecking of other birds – perhaps as re-directed foraging or feeding behaviour. For example, hens in the wild often scratch at the soil to search for seeds, insects and even larger animals such as lizards or young mice, although they are mainly herbivorous in adulthood. Poultry species which exhibit cannibalism are omnivores. There are known methods of control to reduce cannibalism such as crowd size control, beak trimming, light manipulation, perches, selective genetics and eyewear. Research has been conducted to attempt to understand why poultry engage in this behaviour, as it is not totally understood. There are several causes that can lead to cannibalism such as: light and overheating, crowd size, nutrition, injury/death, genetics and learned behaviour. Vent pecking, sometimes called 'cloacal cannibalism', is considered to be a separate form of cannibalistic pecking as this occurs in well-feathered birds and only the cloaca is targeted. ![]() Cannibalism can cause large mortality rates within the flock and large decreases in production due to the stress it causes. Cannibalism can occur as a consequence of feather pecking which has caused denuded areas and bleeding on a bird's skin. When pressure occurs within the flock, pecking can increase in aggression and escalate to cannibalism. Poultry create a social order of dominance known as pecking order. It commonly occurs in flocks of domestic hens reared for egg production, although it can also occur in domestic turkeys, pheasants and other poultry species. He said as a result of the policy and enterprising efforts of pioneers, the number of quail breeders in the state has increased from eight to 24 farms for the period 2015 to 2021.Cannibalism in poultry is the act of one individual of a poultry species consuming all or part of another individual of the same species as food. “The development of the industry is in terms of the distribution of quail chicks, egg hatcheries for breeding, upgrading of coops and the development of young quail Agropreneurs consisting of youths,“ he said. He attributed the uptrend to the National Agro-Food Policy, whereby Perlis received an incentive of RM125,000 to stimulate activities to develop the quail industry in the state. “The production of quails in Perlis in 2015 was 17,000 birds and it increased to 50,089 birds in 2021,“ he said. Meanwhile, the big picture comes from Perlis Veterinary Services Department (JPV) director Dr Adam Abdullah who explained that the quail breeding industry in the state had tripled in six years starting from 2015. “In the future, we aspire to spread our wings to the Singapore market as the demand for quail meat there is high,“ she mused. ![]() ![]() She said apart from raising quail, she also produced marinated quail products for markets around Perlis, Kedah and Penang. She said besides that, her farm also produces 1,500 seed eggs and 2,000 quail chicks. With the printing shop closed, she embarked on her new enterprise by raising 4,000 quails and now Siti Noor Hasmah managed to produce 4,000 quails for sale in a month. “At that time, I and four siblings in my family were desperately scouring for an idea to save the family enterprise but then we also started raising quails on a small scale with a capital of RM8,000 and built our own coop behind our house in Felda Mata Ayer,“ Siti Noor Hasmah, who eventually became the founder of Puyuh Kayangan Enterprise, told Bernama today. The mother of two said she chose to switch to quail farming from November 2020 after the family printing shop was hardly minting any money for a living when the country enforced the Movement Control Order (MCO) in stages from March 2020 to December 2021. PADANG BESAR: Nearing the end of her business in the crushing Covid-19 pandemic that hit the world two years ago, former printing shop operator Siti Noor Hasmah Mohd Baharuddin, 29, who switched to a quail breeding, is now dreaming of marketing her products internationally.
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